Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Strengthening Students' Mental Health Management
In order to further improve the pertinence and effectiveness of students' mental health work, effectively strengthen professional support and scientific management, and focus on improving students' mental health literacy, the relevant requirements are hereby notified as follows.
1.strengthen source management and comprehensively improve students' mental health literacy
(1)Strengthen the construction of mental health curriculum. The main channel role of classroom teaching should be played to help students master mental health knowledge and skills, establish the awareness of self-help and mutual help, and learn to face setbacks and difficulties rationally. In principle, 2 credits (32-36 class hours) should be set up for the public compulsory courses of mental health for college students. If conditions permit, colleges and universities can set up more targeted elective courses of mental health. Primary and secondary schools should incorporate mental health education into school-based curriculum, and pay attention to the arrangement of various forms of life education, frustration education, etc.
(2)Vigorously cultivate students' positive psychological qualities. We should give full play to the important role of physical education, aesthetic education, labor education and campus culture to promote the all-round development of students' mental health. We will strictly implement the rigid requirements of providing adequate physical education and aesthetic education, actively promote traditional Chinese sports, carry out popular sports and rich art practice activities extensively, strengthen labor education systematically in light of the characteristics of each school section, and attract students to take an active part in a variety of healthy campus cultural life and student association activities. Cultivate students' psychological quality of cherishing life and loving life, and enhance their sense of responsibility and mission.
(3)Early classification and relief of various pressures. In view of the psychological imbalance that students may encounter in study, life, interpersonal relationship and self-awareness, take the initiative to avoid the psychological crisis caused by the failure to relieve the pressure. Teachers should pay attention to and help students with learning difficulties and poor academic performance. Teachers should give timely individual guidance and encourage students to carry out peer help, so as to help students relieve psychological pressure and boost their confidence in learning. We will focus on the students who have not received employment intention from employers near graduation, and actively provide employment support to alleviate employment anxiety. We should focus on students from poor families and combine practical problems with psychological problems in all aspects of student financial aid. To understand the difficulties and problems encountered by students in interpersonal communication, love feelings and collective life, and carry out individual talks and group counseling targeted to help young students establish a correct concept of friendship and love.
(4)Strengthen the synergy of school, family and social education. The school timely understands whether students have early psychological trauma, major family changes, parent-child relationship tension and other situations, and actively seeks effective support from students' family members and relevant personnel. In family visits and other home-school contact to help parents better understand the psychological characteristics and rules of the age of the child, in the parents of the school, community parents class will be the knowledge of adolescent developmental psychology as a compulsory content, to prevent the family conflict or improper education style caused by children's psychological problems. Make full use of radio, television, Internet media and other platforms and channels to disseminate mental health knowledge, and actively create a social environment conducive to the healthy growth of students.
2. Strengthen process management, improve early detection ability and daily counseling level
(5) To do a good job in mental health assessment. Actively make use of professional tools and means to accelerate the development of psychological assessment scale more in line with the characteristics of Chinese students, regularly carry out students' mental health assessment, improve the screening and early warning mechanism, early implementation of precise intervention. Colleges and universities timely carry out comprehensive mental health assessment for freshmen after their admission every year, pay attention to the scientific analysis and reasonable application of the assessment results, and formulate classified mental health education programs. County education departments should set up or rely on relevant professional institutions, take the lead in organizing regional primary and middle schools to carry out mental health evaluation work, carry out a mental health evaluation for senior primary schools, junior middle schools and senior high schools every year, guide schools to scientifically apply the results of students' mental health evaluation, and promote the establishment of psychological growth files of "one policy for a lifetime".
(6) Strengthen daily early warning and prevention. Colleges and universities should improve the four-level warning network of "school-department-class-dormitory/individual", and rely on groups such as class psychology commissars, students' leading party and league leaders, and students' dormitory heads, focusing on whether students have experienced major changes, major setbacks or obvious abnormalities. Counselors and class teachers should visit all students' dormitories every month, and departments should hold regular investigation and judgment meetings for students with abnormal psychological conditions to give timely intervention and help to students with signs of high-risk tendency. In view of the abnormal situation of primary and middle school students, primary and middle school teachers should have close communication with parents, jointly strengthen psychological counseling, to help children tide over difficulties.
(7) Strengthen psychological counseling services. Colleges and universities should strengthen the construction of psychological counseling service platform, set up psychological development counseling room, positive psychological experience center, group activity room, comprehensive quality training room, etc., to provide high-quality real-time field services for individual psychological counseling and group psychological counseling. Create conditions to open 24-hour sunshine psychological assistance hotline, online reservation line and consultation email and other channels, to do a good job of regular psychological counseling services. Education departments at the county level should establish regional psychological counseling centers for primary and middle school students, actively carry out online and offline counseling services, and regularly provide business guidance and skill training to primary and middle schools in their respective regions.
3. Strengthen outcome management and improve the ability to intervene and deal with psychological crisis events
(8) Vigorously build a home-school collaborative intervention mechanism. For students with mental disorders such as depression, the school will organize relevant professionals inside and outside the school to conduct research and judgment, timely inform parents of the intervention plan, and jointly agree on the division of tasks with parents. When students have serious psychological crisis, such as suicidal self-injury, wounding and destroying things, the school will assist their parents to send them to the doctor for diagnosis and treatment.
(9) Actively strive for the cooperation and support of professional institutions. Education departments and schools at all levels will continue to strengthen cooperation with mental health institutions. Colleges and universities should take the initiative to establish fixed-point partnership with mental health institutions. Education departments at the county level should strengthen the coordination and interaction with health departments, establish a cooperative mechanism for mental health institutions to support school mental health education and psychological crisis intervention, and provide medical assistance to primary and secondary schools in their regions.
(10) Properly handle the aftermath of student emergencies. We will accelerate the improvement of schools' emergency response capacity. When an accident occurs in school due to psychological problems, the school shall immediately launch an emergency work plan, contact the parents of the students at the first time, and verify the situation under the guidance of local education, public security and other departments and deal with it in time. In view of possible social concerns, the school should respond in a timely manner in accordance with the principle of openness and transparency, and strive for the support of Internet and information technology, public security and other departments to do a good job together.
4. Strengthen guarantee management and increase comprehensive support
(11) Complete and strengthen the backbone team. Colleges and universities shall be equipped with full-time teachers of mental health education in a ratio of no less than 1:4,000, and each school shall have at least 2 teachers. Mental health education and training should be intensified, with the basic knowledge and skills of mental health education fully covered by training for new counselors and graduate tutors, and special training on mental health education should be conducted for all counselors at least once every three years. Support counselors to study for the second professional master's degree in psychology-related majors, appropriately increase the number of psychology-related majors under the special program of on-the-job doctoral study for ideological and political cadres, and create a better guarantee for the front-line ideological and political work team to improve the professional level of mental health education. Every primary and secondary school should have at least one full-time teacher of mental health education, and county-level teaching and research institutions should have psychological teaching and research staff. Primary and secondary schools should focus on mental health education as a compulsory content in the pre-service training, professional refresher, daily training and other kinds of training for head teachers and teachers of various disciplines.
(12) Ensure the site and funding. Colleges and universities should provide necessary office space and equipment for mental health education and consultation. County-level education departments should equip regional psychological counseling centers for primary and middle school students with special space, hardware and software equipment, and local education departments should further promote the establishment of sound psychological counseling rooms in primary and middle schools. Schools should coordinate various funds in the annual budget to guarantee the basic funds of mental health education, determine the average student standard, allocate the money in full and on time, and establish an increase mechanism according to the situation.
